The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) ushers in a significant reorientation of trade dynamics in Africa, away from the international trade framework that was established during colonial times and has lingered on to the present. The…
This contributed volume takes a country-driven assessment of efforts to implement the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). AfCFTA is, arguably, the most prominent attempt to galvanize the continent into political and economic integration in…
This chapter examines Kenya’s experience with the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area focusing particularly on the Guided Trade Initiative (GTI). It outlines the strategic policy frameworks, institutional mechanisms, and export…
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) presents a historic opportunity, but its transformative potential hinges on bridging the divide between policy and practice. This concluding chapter critically examines the implementation of the…
The balance-of-payments (BOP)-constrained growth rate is the maximum gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate above which unsustainable current account deficits emerge, forcing policymakers to implement contractionary measures that ultimately reduce…
Pakistan ranks among the world’s most polluted countries, with transport emissions being a major contributor to deteriorating air quality. In Punjab, rising smog poses serious environmental and public health risks, with Lahore’s transport sector…
This paper examines how a country’s integration into global value chains (GVCs) influences its economic growth. GVCs have transformed international trade by shifting the focus from final goods to fragmented production networks across countries.…
This paper assesses the potential repercussions of US tariff policies on Pakistan's exports to the US. The imposition of a 19-percent tariff would result in an equivalent increase in costs for Pakistani exporters. Assuming this increase is passed…
This study assesses the potential impact of the European Union (EU)'s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) on Pakistan’s exports. Starting in 2026, CBAM’s definitive phase will initially target high-emission sectors, so Pakistan’s exports may…
This article examines the evolving integration of farming and livestock keeping in Kenya and Tanzania, and its impact on livelihoods, land use, food security, and the environment. It finds that “hybrid” agropastoral livelihoods, which blend these…