Nexus between agriculture and livestock sectors in Kenya and Tanzania

This article examines the evolving integration of farming and livestock keeping in Kenya and Tanzania, and its impact on livelihoods, land use, food security, and the environment. It finds that “hybrid” agropastoral livelihoods, which blend these activities, are increasingly common as communities adapt to ecological pressure, land scarcity, and market changes. However, this integration is hindered by insecure land rights, gender inequality, conservation policies, and fragmented governance. The study also highlights the importance of cross-border mobility and informal trade for regional resilience. It concludes by urging for inclusive and coordinated policies that move beyond sectoral divides, empower marginalised groups, and are grounded in the ecological and lived realities of these regions to foster sustainable and equitable development.