The book was delivered in Portuguese and it doesn't have an abstract in English. We’ve translated the abstract from Portuguese into English: "The Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea), as part of its efforts to support Brazil’s accession…
Private standards correspond to a set of rules and processes that establish guidelines related to the production, supply, packaging, and transportation of goods and services. These requirements are developed by private organizations, including non-…
This policy paper contextualizes the creation and revival of Investment Screening Mechanisms by central economies in a new scenario of international geoeconomic disputes. This mechanism revival reactivates concepts and policy formulations under…
The environmental issues and their intersection with activities such as trade have been winning greater space and preponderance in the international scenario. The article analyzes the intersection between trade and the environment within four…
This article examines the relationship between transparency and legitimacy in investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) jurisprudence, particularly in the context of Third-Party Funding (TPF). The initial section of the paper scrutinizes transparency…
The South African exchange rate has been volatile in recent years affecting the competitiveness of commodities in the market. Consequently, South African agricultural exporters have faced lower profitability or entire losses. More South Africa is…