International Trade and Climate Action in Lesotho: An Appraisal of the Regulatory Framework

Presented at the 3rd Annual NUL-WTO Research Chair Seminar on 5th September 2024, This policy paper, “International Trade and Climate Action in Lesotho: An Appraisal of the Regulatory Framework”, critically examines the evolving relationship between trade and environmental sustainability in Lesotho. The paper underscores the growing global recognition of the environmental impacts of trade and the urgent need for countries—especially developing economies like Lesotho—to integrate climate considerations into trade policy and regulatory frameworks.
Historically, trade policy prioritized economic growth with minimal regard for environmental consequences, leading to increased greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. However, the adverse effects of climate change—such as droughts and floods—have prompted a shift toward sustainable trade practices. Lesotho has responded by adopting key policy instruments, including the National Climate Change Policy and the National Strategic Development Plan II (2023/24–2027/28), and by ratifying regional and international agreements such as the AfCFTA, SACU Agreement, and SADC Climate Change Strategy.
Despite these efforts, the paper identifies significant implementation challenges, particularly in terms of financial and technical capacity. To address these gaps, Matobo recommends: (1) developing trade-climate strategies to regulate hazardous imports; (2) investing in green technologies; (3) harmonizing legal frameworks across sectors; and (4) seeking international technical and financial assistance.
This appraisal highlights the importance of aligning trade and climate policies to ensure sustainable development in Lesotho and offers a roadmap for leveraging trade as a tool for climate resilience.