This paper examines how a country’s integration into global value chains (GVCs) influences its economic growth. GVCs have transformed international trade by shifting the focus from final goods to fragmented production networks across countries.…
This article examines the evolving integration of farming and livestock keeping in Kenya and Tanzania, and its impact on livelihoods, land use, food security, and the environment. It finds that “hybrid” agropastoral livelihoods, which blend these…
Over six decades (1961–2021), Tanzania's agriculture transformed significantly due to population growth, policy shifts, and climate variability. Agricultural land expanded by 52% and arable land by 160%, but rapid population growth (3.38% annually)…
This study examines the imbalance in bilateral trade between India and China, which has been marked by a trade deficit on India's side since the early 2000s. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and secondary data sources from academic journals…
Amidst an increasingly complex global economic landscape, the rapid expansion of digital trade has emerged as a vital growth engine for nations worldwide while simultaneously disrupting traditional international trade frameworks. Major developed…
This policy paper critically examines the evolution, effectiveness, and shortcomings of Nepal’s investment, industrial, and trade policies over the past nine decades. Despite various reforms and liberalization efforts, Nepal has failed to attract…
In 2019, the European Union launched the European Green Deal; a project to make the EU a climate-neutral area. As part of this project the EU, in 2023, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union approved the Regulation (EU) 2023/…