The balance-of-payments (BOP)-constrained growth rate is the maximum gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate above which unsustainable current account deficits emerge, forcing policymakers to implement contractionary measures that ultimately reduce…
Pakistan ranks among the world’s most polluted countries, with transport emissions being a major contributor to deteriorating air quality. In Punjab, rising smog poses serious environmental and public health risks, with Lahore’s transport sector…
This paper examines how a country’s integration into global value chains (GVCs) influences its economic growth. GVCs have transformed international trade by shifting the focus from final goods to fragmented production networks across countries.…
This paper assesses the potential repercussions of US tariff policies on Pakistan's exports to the US. The imposition of a 19-percent tariff would result in an equivalent increase in costs for Pakistani exporters. Assuming this increase is passed…
This study assesses the potential impact of the European Union (EU)'s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) on Pakistan’s exports. Starting in 2026, CBAM’s definitive phase will initially target high-emission sectors, so Pakistan’s exports may…
We estimate the impact of international standards certification on the export performance of firms in a developing economy using a unique panel data from Pakistan’s textile and apparel sector. To address endogeneity, we implement a novel…
This study analyzes the design and implementation of industrial policy in selected developed and developing economies to inform strategies for structural transformation in the global green transition. Using secondary data, it compares policy…
Pakistan’s exports have remained stagnant despite multiple exchange-rate depreciations. Empirical evidence from product-level data between 2003 and 2024 indicates that changes in the real effective exchange rate and energy tariffs have had limited…
This volume compiles the proceedings of the international conference held on 6–7 April 2023 in Ha Noi, Viet Nam, organized by the Foreign Trade University (FTU) in collaboration with the University of Tours and the University of Rennes 2 (France),…