Pakistan ranks among the world’s most polluted countries, with transport emissions being a major contributor to deteriorating air quality. In Punjab, rising smog poses serious environmental and public health risks, with Lahore’s transport sector…
This paper examines how a country’s integration into global value chains (GVCs) influences its economic growth. GVCs have transformed international trade by shifting the focus from final goods to fragmented production networks across countries.…
Amidst an increasingly complex global economic landscape, the rapid expansion of digital trade has emerged as a vital growth engine for nations worldwide while simultaneously disrupting traditional international trade frameworks. Major developed…
El comercio internacional de servicios se considera una vía de diversificación de la matriz exportadora de las economías, además sirve como instrumento dinamizador y facilitador de otros sectores económicos como la agricultura e industria. Entre los…
Este artículo explora cómo la desglobalización y la fragmentación del comercio están reconfigurando los patrones de integración regional y los flujos de las cadenas de valor globales. Empleando un enfoque de métodos mixtos, combina análisis…
This paper examines the impact of trade facilitation factors on trade flows, with a particular focus on Global Value Chains (GVCs) in the agricultural and manufacturing sectors. Using the structural gravity model of international and intra-national…