Resolving the crisis in the dispute settlement system is a priority issue for the reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and Members have made sustained efforts in this regard. Since the Twelfth Ministerial Conference (MC12), discussions on…
Authors: Zhou N., Nan Kong., Bingjie Wang., Zhang Y
Based on the comprehensive measures of digital technology and cross-country services trade database, our study empirically examines the impacts of digital technology on export in services. We find…
In recent years, more and more countries have included different kinds of gender considerations in their trade agreements. Yet many countries have still not signed their very first agreement with a gender equality-related provision. Though most of…
At World Trade Organization (WTO), nothing is agreed until everything is agreed and until everyone agrees at the negotiating tables, and that ‘magic’ moment has been difficult to arrive at. Some WTO Members have argued that if all Members cannot…
International arbitration institutions have been requested to administer an increasing number of investment disputes. In investment arbitration, a responding state usually stipulates its standing offers to arbitrate in the bilateral investment…
Regulatory measures on cross-border data flows are essential to personal data protection laws. The General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) of the European Union (“EU”) is one of such influential personal data protection regimes, which has become…
This volume reviews issues that address the interconnection between digital economy, sustainability and international economic law. It covers a range of topics, including renewables subsidies, AI and corporate governance, digital currency, dispute…
This article was published in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Procedural Law.
More information on this publication is available here.
The study explores structural and practical issues following the adoption of Indonesia’s e-commerce roadmap (2017–2019) and its implications for the future of the country’s digital economy. Two major categories of issues are examined in order to…
E-commerce is growing rapidly in Argentina and Brazil, and in both countries the share of the population participating in e-commerce transactions exceeds the Latin American average. Both countries have established a legal framework for data…