The Lagos Plan of Action and Abuja Treaty serve as foundations for the AfCFTA, which is based on Africa's economic unification goal. Its five-year implementation is evaluated in this research, which also highlights opportunities, advancements, and…
The Central American Integration System (SICA) represents a long-standing initiative aimed at strengthening regional cooperation among member states. However, its implementation has revealed restrictions in the integration of inclusion and human…
This study examines Chinaʼs policy pathways for building a resilient supply chain from a dual perspective of competitiveness enhancement and spatial optimization. Specifically, China has implemented a multi-tiered industrial policy framework—‘Fix…
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) represents a transformative initiative aimed at fostering economic integration, boosting intra-African trade, and promoting structural transformation across the continent. As the host of the AfCFTA…
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed critical vulnerabilities in global public health governance and the international trade system, particularly in the distribution of essential medical products. Despite entering a post-pandemic era, the risk of future…
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed critical vulnerabilities in global public health governance and the international trade system, particularly in the distribution of essential medical products. Despite entering a post-pandemic era, the risk of future…
Este documento examina la evolución y relevancia de la trazabilidad, definida como la capacidad de rastrear productos, lotes o componentes a lo largo de la cadena de suministro, desde la materia prima hasta el consumidor final (Hockenberger, 2014).…