The balance-of-payments (BOP)-constrained growth rate is the maximum gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate above which unsustainable current account deficits emerge, forcing policymakers to implement contractionary measures that ultimately reduce…
Pakistan ranks among the world’s most polluted countries, with transport emissions being a major contributor to deteriorating air quality. In Punjab, rising smog poses serious environmental and public health risks, with Lahore’s transport sector…
This paper examines how a country’s integration into global value chains (GVCs) influences its economic growth. GVCs have transformed international trade by shifting the focus from final goods to fragmented production networks across countries.…
This paper assesses the potential repercussions of US tariff policies on Pakistan's exports to the US. The imposition of a 19-percent tariff would result in an equivalent increase in costs for Pakistani exporters. Assuming this increase is passed…
This study assesses the potential impact of the European Union (EU)'s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) on Pakistan’s exports. Starting in 2026, CBAM’s definitive phase will initially target high-emission sectors, so Pakistan’s exports may…
With the COVID-19 pandemic, the tourism industry has been the hardest hit in Mauritius due to health containment measures linked to travel restrictions and the closure of borders to prevent the spread of the virus. The hotel industry attempted to…
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), the world’s largest free-trade agreement, brings together a diverse group of 15 economies, to mutually benefit from an expansion in regional trade and investment, through reduced trade barriers…