Trade agreements have received heightened attention in recent years. Both, initiatives to further liberalize markets as well as protectionist calls have been shaping the current development of trade policy. We have also seen a further shift away from multilateral to regional and bilateral trading arrangements with competing objectives pursued by the US, China and the European Union. What has received less attention is how the current revival of geopolitics and protectionism has been shaping the trade architecture in regions such as Latin America.

The emergence of China in the international trading system has shifted its gravity center, as the country has become one of the mayor actors in international economic relations. Through the subscription of preferential agreements, China is building a network of strategic partnerships worldwide, including Latin America. The purpose of this paper is to answer the questions: Do free trade agreements (FTAs) between China and Latin American countries contribute to expand trade flows and enhance products diversification?
 

While recent technological advances have supported an increase in digital trade, this growth has occurred with a lack of clear and defined rules. This deficiency has become an issue for Latin American countries. With the multilateral trade regime impasse, more complex regional and bilateral agreements have emerged. The formulation of digital trade regulation raises many questions. In this chapter we deal with the new rules on digital trade in regional trade agreements (RTAs) recently negotiated by Latin American economies.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which industrialization strategies and policies in Southern Africa, in particular the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) industrialization policy and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) industrialization strategy, are aligned with one another and with other regional, continental and international industrialization frameworks. The aim is to contribute to the achievement of a more coherent and common vision in industrial

By the virtue of their size, Emerging Market Economies (EMEs) present trade opportunities for both developed and developing countries. To benefit from such opportunities, countries need to identify the areas where they have comparative advantage. This paper analyses the export potential of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) member countries to selected emerging market economies (EMEs) including Brazil, Russia, India, China, Turkey, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), South Africa and Nigeria.

This paper looks at the construction of tariff band structure and linear cut of the AfCFTA countries. AfCFTA symbols a different landmark on the road to deeper regional integration and the pursuit for well-built and prolonged growth, which the extensive nature will transform businesses especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), traders and consumers because of the removal of tariffs, and non-tariff barriers by 2025 for developing countries ,2030 for LDCs and 2045 for the six countries.