The COVID-19 pandemic exposed critical vulnerabilities in global public health governance and the international trade system, particularly in the distribution of essential medical products. Despite entering a post-pandemic era, the risk of future pandemics necessitates urgent international cooperation to enhance preparedness and supply chain resilience. This paper examines the limitations of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in regulating trade-restrictive measures during the pandemic and explores the potential of the forthcoming WHO pandemic agreement to guide future responses.

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed critical vulnerabilities in global public health governance and the international trade system, particularly in the distribution of essential medical products. Despite entering a post-pandemic era, the risk of future pandemics necessitates urgent international cooperation to enhance preparedness and supply chain resilience. This paper examines the limitations of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in regulating trade-restrictive measures during the pandemic and explores the potential of the forthcoming WHO pandemic agreement to guide future responses.

In this paper we evaluate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown policies on Tunisia’s supply chains. We estimate a Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood model using data on bilateral imports for intermediate, capital, and final goods for the years 2019 and 2020 at the country–month–product level. Our results show that, overall, lockdowns in Tunisia’s partner countries had a significant and negative effect on imports made under both offshore and onshore regimes.

A major shift has been observed recently in the transport industry due in no small part to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this paper was to determine the changes that occurred on the cargo transport market during that period. In order to examine these changes, an analysis of which mode of transport was most popular in the European Union during 2019-2021 was conducted.

This article investigates the impact of Government’s response measures to new COVID-19 cases. This is proxied by a stringency index of 50 countries from April 2020 to March 2022. Our World in Data COVID-19 dataset was utilised employing several panel econometrics methods. This article fills a gap in empirical research by employing a range of econometric methods over an extended period and countries. The article provides the basis for the formulation and implementation of government response measures or policies to other major public health events that may occur in the future.