China's pilot free trade zones (FTZs) have been under construction for a decade. It is of great significance for promoting the high-quality development of China's pilot FTZs to comprehensively compare the theoretical and practical…
In recent years, China's digital trade has experienced rapid growth. According to data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), in 2022, the scale of China's trade in services that can be delivered digitally…
This paper analyzes the effect of nontariff measures (NTMs) on firms in Tunisia. It draws a precise picture of NTMs’ effects on firms’ imports. We use firm‐level data to take into account firm heterogeneity. We explore the impact of NTMs on small vs…
For many years, the European Union has been an important market for agricultural products from Africa. However, African agricultural exporters have often found the European market difficult to access because of a raft of NTMs that add to exporters’…
This chapter investigates the uneven effects of TBT/SPS measures on bilateral trade flows, according to a country’s income level. Estimating standard gravity models, we find that the effects of TBT/SPS depend mostly on the exporter’s development…