This study uses the modified gravity model to examine the determinants of trade in goods within African countries. The panel data covers the period between 2000 and 2019 for all 54 countries in Africa. The article contributes to the existing…
This research explores the determinants of bilateral trade flow between the Middle East and North African countries using a panel data analysis from 1990 to 2019. The structural gravity model is estimated using ordinary least square (OLS) and…
The prime focus of this article was on investigating whether the dimensions of entrepreneurial marketing have any effect on an enterprise’s competitive advantage in small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs’) setting. It further aims to close existing…
In this paper, a complex interplay is demonstrated, indicating that the impact of intellectual property rights (IPR) and patent protection varies in certain trade contexts. We review the IPR and patent laws in Oman and subsequent amendments…
Health pandemics affect women and men differently, and they can make the existing gender inequalities much worse. COVID-19 is one such pandemic, which can have substantial gender implications both during and in the post-pandemic world. Its economic…
This chapter provides an overview of the growing influence of both labour standards and gender equality concerns in contemporary trade debates, and in particular how existing FTAs have increasingly accommodated both types of issues. In the following…
In recent years, more and more countries have included different kinds of gender considerations in their trade agreements. Yet many countries have still not signed their very first agreement with a gender equality-related provision. Though most of…
The increasing trend of the inclusion of gender equality and women’s economic empowerment concerns in the negotiation of trade agreements creates a need to strengthen informed dialogue between the public and private sectors. Trade negotiators are…
The distributional outcomes of trade agreements have historically been uneven, creating both “losers” as well as “winners” and benefitting certain stakeholders while leaving others without benefits or even with negative repercussions. In particular…
The Encyclopedia is the definitive reference work on international economic law. This comprehensive resource helps redefine the field by presenting international economic law in its broadest, real-world context. The chapter is a report on Mexico…