La Zone de Libre-Échange Continentale Africaine (ZLECAf) qui est opérationnelle depuis 2021 offre une opportunité pour booster le commerce digital africain et pour réaliser le Marché Unique Digital en Afrique. Dans cette perspective, le protocole…
L'Union Africaine (UA), suivant son Agenda 2063, a pour vision, de bâtir une « Afrique intégrée, prospère et pacifique, dirigée par ses propres citoyens, et représentant une force dynamique sur la scène internationale» à l'horizon 2063. C'est dire…
We examine the effect of government subsidies on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by Chinese listed firms. Based on a panel dataset covering Chinese listed firms from 2009 to 2021, our findings indicate that government subsidies can promote…
Resolving the crisis in the dispute settlement system is a priority issue for the reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and Members have made sustained efforts in this regard. Since the Twelfth Ministerial Conference (MC12), discussions on…
International arbitration institutions have been requested to administer an increasing number of investment disputes. In investment arbitration, a responding state usually stipulates its standing offers to arbitrate in the bilateral investment…
Regulatory measures on cross-border data flows are essential to personal data protection laws. The General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) of the European Union (“EU”) is one of such influential personal data protection regimes, which has become…
This article was published in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Procedural Law.   More information on this publication is available here. 
Pandemi global COVID-19 telah melahirkan kegamangan tata kelola penanganan dihampir semua negara, terlepas dari apapun tingkat kemajuan ekonomi dan teknologi serta karakter politiknya. Sistem manajemen krisis standar kehilangan relevansi, memaksa…
Processes of norm localisation play a crucial role in shaping the extent to which global governance norms are institutionalised at national and sub-national levels. This article explores the politics of norm localisation through an empirical…
Since the early 1990s, heavy state intervention in the extractives sector—or resource nationalism—has become more common in resource-rich lower income countries. This article considers what domestic and global conditions in the political economy of…