Weaponised Trade: A New Concept for an Increasingly Complex World

Weaponised Trade is the manipulation of existing trade relations to advance geopolitical objectives. This concept has gained traction on account of the twin forces of geopolitical confrontation and geo-economic fragmentation. The term 'Weaponised Trade' is progressively used within trade communities to describe trade actions perceived as politically driven, protectionist, illegitimate, or aggressive. It signifies more than just a change in language, representing a reflection of the emerging landscape of geo-economic confrontations.

Theoretical concepts of trade policy development and analysis: Evolution and modern challenges in the context of the international trading system transformation

The study of the trade policy concepts within a framework of hyper globalization and global regulation system transformation requires new theoretical and methodological approaches. On the one hand, trade policy design and implementation is closely linked to a wide range of issues from e-commerce to gender inequality. On the other hand, the newest trade theory focuses on studying the companies’ export activities, their participation in global value chains and their trade costs. In addition, research methodology for various quantitative methods has grown significantly.