This report examines technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures for different economic sectors in Brazil and in Argentina, under the multilateral trading system rules for trade in goods.

The main goals of this document are: Identifying 7 industrial products’ sectors of current or potential significance in terms of trade between the EU and Brazil (priority sectors); Taking into consideration, in this analysis, the interests of EU business and the demands of the Brazilian market as well as the capacity of EU business to serve those demands; Mapping existing regulatory initiatives in Brazil and in the EU to identify needs and gaps in order to avoid duplication of ongoing efforts; Taking into account of both economies’ relevant regulatory and standardization structures in fede

Voluntary sustainability standards are part of the new challenges faced by the multilateral trading system. Regulatory barriers to trade, especially technical barriers and sanitary and phytosanitary measures, apply to several sectors such as trade in services, investments, competition, environment, digital trade, intellectual property rights and anticorruption rules. Just few of them are under the scope of the WTO Agreements. ONGs and other private entities have also adopted standards of their own with an argument that they reflect consumer desires and demands for sustainability standards.

The objectives of this article are to develop a partial equilibrium model for a dairy sector according to two approaches—“Quantity Formulation” and “Price Formulation”—and to show their equivalence under the assumption of perfect competition. We introduce the spatial dimension to present the “Price Formulation” approach of models developed by Bouamra et al. (1998) and Abbassi et al. (2008) .We illustrate theoretically and numerically how to incorporate the minimum price policy at the farm level for the Tunisian dairy sector according to the Price Formulation approach.