This article examines the relationship between transparency and legitimacy in investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) jurisprudence, particularly in the context of Third-Party Funding (TPF). The initial section of the paper scrutinizes transparency…
Digital trade is one of the promising areas for the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and a factor of succcess of the African Union Digital Transformation Strategy (DTS) for Africa (2020–2030). However, the benefts of digital trade are…
This report evaluates the impact of the Sino-Swiss Free Trade Agreement (SSFTA) through an in-depth analysis of its utilization rates and trade deficits. Part II focuses on the methodology for calculating SSFTA utilization, refined by Chinese and…
Resolving the crisis in the dispute settlement system is a priority issue for the reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and Members have made sustained efforts in this regard. Since the Twelfth Ministerial Conference (MC12), discussions on…
We study the effect of the labor clauses (LCs) in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) on the informal economy. Using a sample comprising 112 countries for the period 2000-2017, we show that PTAs increase informality in low- and middle-income…
The global digital economy is witnessing the transformative impact of Artificial intelligence (AI), prompting nations to engage in AI-driven trade agreements. Under the digital trade context, these agreements aim to promote and regulate AI…