This article examines the relationship between transparency and legitimacy in investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) jurisprudence, particularly in the context of Third-Party Funding (TPF). The initial section of the paper scrutinizes transparency…
Resolving the crisis in the dispute settlement system is a priority issue for the reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and Members have made sustained efforts in this regard. Since the Twelfth Ministerial Conference (MC12), discussions on…
We use unique enterprise survey data to explore the export behavior of firms in Tunisia, a small, trade-dependent country with a complex policy environment regarding exporting. Firms may export directly or indirectly through intermediaries, and can…
The distributional outcomes of trade agreements have historically been uneven, creating both “losers” as well as “winners” and benefitting certain stakeholders while leaving others without benefits or even with negative repercussions. In particular…
AbstractGlobalisation is a deep-rooted phenomenon that has significantly shaped developed and developing economies alike. Characterised by its controversial past, South Africa provides a unique case when considering how global integration has…
This study examines the Effect of Public Debt on the twin deficits using the threshold time series model of the Jordanian economy from 1980-2020. The independent variables were relied upon: private saving, production gap, economic growth, trade…