Pakistan ranks among the world’s most polluted countries, with transport emissions being a major contributor to deteriorating air quality. In Punjab, rising smog poses serious environmental and public health risks, with Lahore’s transport sector…
This article examines the relationship between transparency and legitimacy in investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) jurisprudence, particularly in the context of Third-Party Funding (TPF). The initial section of the paper scrutinizes transparency…
Resolving the crisis in the dispute settlement system is a priority issue for the reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and Members have made sustained efforts in this regard. Since the Twelfth Ministerial Conference (MC12), discussions on…
This empirical study aims to investigate the effects of political instability on economic volatility and monetary policy conduct. The econometric methodology adopted is the Panel Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (PARDL). The instability variable was…
A major shift has been observed recently in the transport industry due in no small part to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this paper was to determine the changes that occurred on the cargo transport market during that period. In order to…
Foreign currency shortages remain a perennial challenge in Zimbabwe leading to several spillover effects such as shortages in electricity, raw materials, fuel, inflation among other market distortions. The central bank introduced the Dutch Auction…