This article examines the relationship between transparency and legitimacy in investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) jurisprudence, particularly in the context of Third-Party Funding (TPF). The initial section of the paper scrutinizes transparency…
Resolving the crisis in the dispute settlement system is a priority issue for the reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and Members have made sustained efforts in this regard. Since the Twelfth Ministerial Conference (MC12), discussions on…
This study systematically assessed the cross-border spillover effects of U.S. government subsidies on the Sino-US supply chain using a multi-period difference-in-differences approach. Our findings indicate that the U.S. government's subsidy policies…
AbstractGlobalisation is a deep-rooted phenomenon that has significantly shaped developed and developing economies alike. Characterised by its controversial past, South Africa provides a unique case when considering how global integration has…
This study examines the Effect of Public Debt on the twin deficits using the threshold time series model of the Jordanian economy from 1980-2020. The independent variables were relied upon: private saving, production gap, economic growth, trade…
International arbitration institutions have been requested to administer an increasing number of investment disputes. In investment arbitration, a responding state usually stipulates its standing offers to arbitrate in the bilateral investment…