The Central American Integration System (SICA) represents a long-standing initiative aimed at strengthening regional cooperation among member states. However, its implementation has revealed restrictions in the integration of inclusion and human…
This study examines Chinaʼs policy pathways for building a resilient supply chain from a dual perspective of competitiveness enhancement and spatial optimization. Specifically, China has implemented a multi-tiered industrial policy framework—‘Fix…
The main idea of this paper is that the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone should proactively align with international high - standard investment facilitation rules (especially the WTO Agreement on Investment Facilitation, the Comprehensive and…
Recent research on international trade suggests that economic development and growth occur as countries gain knowledge and learn to produce and export more sophisticated products. This study examines the effect of trade facilitation on economic…
This paper examines the impact of trade facilitation factors on trade flows, with a particular focus on Global Value Chains (GVCs) in the agricultural and manufacturing sectors. Using the structural gravity model of international and intra-national…
Government subsidies have been used as a policy tool by many countries. Given the importance of government subsidies in the context of Chinese economy and state-owned enterprises (SOEs), this study seeks to understand the role played by government…