Pakistan ranks among the world’s most polluted countries, with transport emissions being a major contributor to deteriorating air quality. In Punjab, rising smog poses serious environmental and public health risks, with Lahore’s transport sector…
Pakistan’s exports have remained stagnant despite multiple exchange-rate depreciations. Empirical evidence from product-level data between 2003 and 2024 indicates that changes in the real effective exchange rate and energy tariffs have had limited…