In an increasingly interconnected global economy, the ideals of globalization—open trade, seamless cross-border flows, and economic interdependence—have long promised shared prosperity and efficient resource allocation. However, recent geopolitical…
Agriculture subsidies are estimated to increase by US$ 2 Trillion in 2030. Many countries are critical of policies such as market price support and input subsidies due to their adverse environmental impacts, climate change, and biodiversity loss.…
Trade and sustainable development (TSD) chapters of trade agreements seek to implement a range of non-economic values and goals through specific commitments. While the non-economic values merit consideration, enforcement of such values through…
Food insecurity has taken centre stage due to a growing global population, changing weather patterns, regional conflicts and a rising tide of domestic policies. Yet, the relationship between food safety and food security remains underexplored.…
This report critically examines the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (AFS), a landmark global initiative aimed at curbing unsustainable fishing practices, particularly illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing,…
The WTO is ambitiously negotiating rules on agriculture subsidies, fisheries subsidies and food security to achieve Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs) such as zero hunger, doubling agriculture productivity and preservation of marine resources.…
The WTO Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) serves as the pivotal multilateral framework setting out the rules and principles governing agricultural trade. It contains detailed rules regarding domestic support, market access, and export subsidies in…
Several cross-cutting issues on trade and agriculture are emerging in discussions at various international forums, including the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and Bilateral trade agreements. The global agriculture landscape faces multifaceted…
All major economies over the years have transitioned from trade restrictive policies to actively engaging in Free Trade Agreements. While the Uruguay round of the WTO played its part in trade liberalization for goods, most of the subsequent progress…
The WTO TBT Agreement aims to ensure that technical regulations, standards, and conformity assessment procedures are non-discriminatory and do not create unnecessary barriers to trade. This paper explores the importance of strengthening…