The geopolitical confrontation, including the Ukraine-Russia war and the power rivalry between the United States and China, has brought the concept of “resilient trade” to contemporary international economic law. The emphasis on economic security…
International arbitration institutions have been requested to administer an increasing number of investment disputes. In investment arbitration, a responding state usually stipulates its standing offers to arbitrate in the bilateral investment…
Regulatory measures on cross-border data flows are essential to personal data protection laws. The General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) of the European Union (“EU”) is one of such influential personal data protection regimes, which has become…