Pakistan has not been able to significantly increase exports or diversify its export base towards higher value-added products which has both contributed to its perpetual balance of payments problems and impeded growth. To address this, it is crucial…
Freelancers in Pakistan earned around $400 million in both FY21 and FY22, accounting for about 15% of the $2.6 Billion in ICT exports. To learn more about the landscape of freelancing in Pakistan, we scraped the data on Pakistan-based freelancers…
We examine the relationship between low-priced intermediate inputs (via input tariff reductions) and export performance indicators using panel data from 166 countries from the years 2000-2015. Employing an instrumental variable approach, we show…
Based on Grossman and Esteban's (2008) task service model, this paper derives a mathematical model of how productive service trade competitiveness affects manufacturing firms’ production costs, and a theoretical model of how productive service…
The accelerated development of digital trade has emerged as a pivotal driver of international commerce and economic expansion, catalyzing structural transformations in global trade patterns and profound supply chain realignments while exerting novel…