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The Reparation Theory in European Union Damages Liabilities Cases: Challenges for Data Breaches
As data breaches often affect a large number of data subjects, the material and non-material damages sustained from the violations of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) are staggering. Meanwhile, EU law lacks clarity on this subject.…
WTO and Its Implication in Trade of Major Food Commodities of Nepal
The study was conducted to investigate how food traders have perceived the impact of membership of WTO on trade of major food commodities of Nepal. To achieve this objective, primary data was collected from major food traders and key informants of…
Disciplining CBDCs: Achieving the Balance between Privacy Protection and Central Bank Independence
Central bank digital currency (“CBDC”) is a crucial FinTech development that aspires to overhaul the current payment system. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, CBDCs' promises to reduce personal contact, facilitate socially desirable use of…
Adequate Level of Data Protection and ADR in Cross-border Data Disputes — International Trade Law Perspective
Regulatory measures on cross-border data flows are essential to personal data protection laws. The General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) of the European Union (“EU”) is one of such influential personal data protection regimes, which has become…
Convergence on e-commerce: the case of Argentina, Brazil and MERCOSUR
E-commerce is growing rapidly in Argentina and Brazil, and in both countries the share of the population participating in e-commerce transactions exceeds the Latin American average. Both countries have established a legal framework for data…