Todas las mercancías importadas tienen un valor que debe ser determinado en aduana. Esa estimación no debe constituir un obstáculo al comercio y, por tanto, la finalidad del Acuerdo sobre valoración aduanera de la OMC es establecer un sistema…
When we proxy trade finance by the sum of trade finance loans and export-adjusted notes receivable, elasticity estimates range between 0.18-0.31 depending on the sample of exporters. These estimates are comparable to single and multi-instrument…
Orientation: Agriculture is key to South Africa’s economy, but exports face high transport costs, logistical bottlenecks, and infrastructure constraints, limiting competitiveness.
Research purpose: To examine how transport costs and logistical…
Ce rapport est la contribution de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (FAO) dans le cadre du projet TCP/TUN/3801 «Réponses aux conséquences de la crise de la covid‑19 sur les chaînes de valeur alimentaires et…