Leveraging International Trade for Climate Action in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges for Lesotho

Presented at the 3rd Annual NUL-WTO Research Chair Seminar on 5th September 2024, Thabo Qhesi’s policy paper, “Leveraging International Trade for Climate Action in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges for Lesotho”, explores the complex interplay between Lesotho’s ecological vulnerabilities, trade potential, and climate resilience. With over 59% of its territory in mountainous regions and a population heavily reliant on subsistence agriculture, Lesotho’s economy is highly sensitive to climate-induced disruptions such as droughts, floods, and infrastructure damage.
The paper highlights how climate variability has constrained the movement of goods and people, thereby limiting export capacity—particularly in key sectors like wool, mohair, and water resources. It also identifies systemic challenges in the energy sector, including outdated infrastructure, limited private sector participation, and overreliance on imported electricity, all of which hinder the country’s transition to a low-carbon economy.
Despite these challenges, the paper outlines significant opportunities for Lesotho to leverage international trade for climate action. These include tapping into global climate finance, investing in renewable energy, and enhancing trade facilitation to reduce emissions. The author recommends strengthening the National Designated Authority (NDA) with technical and financial resources and establishing a Climate Change Commission to improve coordination and policy implementation.
By aligning trade and climate strategies, Lesotho can enhance its competitiveness, attract green investment, and contribute meaningfully to Africa’s broader climate and development goals.