The growing importance of trade in services in the international economy motivates the study of different factors that may influence the development of this sector. This paper seeks to contribute to the scarce research on access to financing for the internationalization of services. Through a survey, we analyze the perception of Chilean services exporters about access to financing instruments for trade, and whether this constitutes an obstacle in the process of internationalization or not. For companies that participated in the study, access to trade financing is not a barrier for exports.

We examine the financial risk management of the climate crisis from three perspectives. First, we assess the serious risks from climate change. The ecological and financial consequences of climate change depend on the future path of emissions, as well as the specific circumstances of specific countries and populations. Second, we assess the previous success of market solutions through pricing sulfur and carbon dioxide emissions.

This article is an empirical attempt to explore the relationship between sanctions (financial and non-financial), oil price shocks and Iran-Russian bilateral trade flows over the period 1991–2014. In contrast to earlier studies in which a gravity model has been estimated through a panel data approach, in this paper the authors apply a gravity model for only two countries and do the estimations using the vector error correction approach. The overall estimation results indicate that financial sanctions, non-financial sanctions and oil price shocks negatively impact the Iran-Russian trade.