At the WTO level, there are three types of trade remedy measures that combat situations harmful to international trade. Specifically, the anti-dumping measure is against the situation of injurious dumping, the countervailing duty measure is…

This course examines the challenges and innovative strategies associated with pilot projects for cross-border data flows. It focuses on the need for clear definitions of key data concepts—such as what constitutes “important data”—and the…

- The stagnation or death of the Doha Round strongly hurt the confidence in the negotiation function of the WTO for either developing or developed members - The dispute settlement function of the WTO hurt the self-interest and self-esteem of the…