Freelancers in Pakistan earned around $400 million in both FY21 and FY22, accounting for about 15% of the $2.6 Billion in ICT exports. To learn more about the landscape of freelancing in Pakistan, we scraped the data on Pakistan-based freelancers…
We examine the relationship between low-priced intermediate inputs (via input tariff reductions) and export performance indicators using panel data from 166 countries from the years 2000-2015. Employing an instrumental variable approach, we show…
Based on Grossman and Esteban's (2008) task service model, this paper derives a mathematical model of how productive service trade competitiveness affects manufacturing firms’ production costs, and a theoretical model of how productive service…
The accelerated development of digital trade has emerged as a pivotal driver of international commerce and economic expansion, catalyzing structural transformations in global trade patterns and profound supply chain realignments while exerting novel…
With the continuous advancement of China's reform and opening-up, the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port has become a key project in China's economic development. Since 2018, the Chinese government has clarified Hainan's…