The geopolitical confrontation, including the Ukraine-Russia war and the power rivalry between the United States and China, has brought the concept of “resilient trade” to contemporary international economic law. The emphasis on economic security…
This paper asks how recent geopolitical ruptures affect regional economic performance in West Africa, where a sequence of military coups in Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso, and Niger, together with the intensification of cross-border terrorism, has…