E-government has taken a prominent place in the political and economic debate. Despite the vast nonconsensual literature, on the effects of natural resources, very little is known about the effects of these resources on the development of e-…
La Zone de Libre-Échange Continentale Africaine (ZLECAf) qui est opérationnelle depuis 2021 offre une opportunité pour booster le commerce digital africain et pour réaliser le Marché Unique Digital en Afrique. Dans cette perspective, le protocole…
L'Union Africaine (UA), suivant son Agenda 2063, a pour vision, de bâtir une « Afrique intégrée, prospère et pacifique, dirigée par ses propres citoyens, et représentant une force dynamique sur la scène internationale» à l'horizon 2063. C'est dire…
Spillover Effects of Government Subsidies On Outward Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from China.
We examine the effect of government subsidies on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by Chinese listed firms. Based on a panel dataset covering Chinese listed firms from 2009 to 2021, our findings indicate that government subsidies can promote…
Authors: Zhou N., Nan Kong., Bingjie Wang., Zhang Y
Based on the comprehensive measures of digital technology and cross-country services trade database, our study empirically examines the impacts of digital technology on export in services. We find…
This chapter provides an overview of the growing influence of both labour standards and gender equality concerns in contemporary trade debates, and in particular how existing FTAs have increasingly accommodated both types of issues. In the following…
In recent years, more and more countries have included different kinds of gender considerations in their trade agreements. Yet many countries have still not signed their very first agreement with a gender equality-related provision. Though most of…
The increasing trend of the inclusion of gender equality and women’s economic empowerment concerns in the negotiation of trade agreements creates a need to strengthen informed dialogue between the public and private sectors. Trade negotiators are…
The distributional outcomes of trade agreements have historically been uneven, creating both “losers” as well as “winners” and benefitting certain stakeholders while leaving others without benefits or even with negative repercussions. In particular…
Trade policies create both 'winners' and 'losers', as some actors stand to benefit and others are left behind. More often than not, it has been women who have borne the negative impacts of international trade policy and it is…