Revisiting transparency standards in investor–state dispute settlement vis-a-vis third-party funding: how much transparency is too much transparency?
This article examines the relationship between transparency and legitimacy in investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) jurisprudence, particularly in the context of Third-Party Funding (TPF). The initial section of the paper scrutinizes transparency as a vital facet of legitimacy, spotlighting recent measures aimed at enhancing procedural openness. The subsequent section assesses the disclosure dynamics of TPF arrangements in ISDS. It probes the implications of mandatory disclosure obligations, particularly those concerning the disclosure of the funding agreement.

