This article examines the relationship between transparency and legitimacy in investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) jurisprudence, particularly in the context of Third-Party Funding (TPF). The initial section of the paper scrutinizes transparency…
The transition to the digital economy poses significant challenges to international investment law, which was originally designed for the traditional economy. Current international investment agreements often fail to address developments in the…
Resolving the crisis in the dispute settlement system is a priority issue for the reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and Members have made sustained efforts in this regard. Since the Twelfth Ministerial Conference (MC12), discussions on…
The digital economy is guiding cross-border business connectivity, market mechanisms, investments, business incubation, and digital public infrastructure cooperation. In the digital economy ecology, developing economies in the Indo-Pacific need to…
The primary aim of this paper was to test the impact of customer reviews, website quality, perceived service quality, and product assortment on perceived value and online loyalty. This study also sought to confirm whether perceived value mediates…
The rise of the digital economy has prompted states to turn to domestic law – including data localization, source code disclosure requirements, digital asset restrictions, and digital services taxes – to address its challenges. Simultaneously,…
AbstractA sound education system is one of the keys to personal mastery and growth and a country’s socio-economic development more broadly. Globally, Africa is the furthest behind in terms of educational achievement levels, with serious shortcomings…