The mounting interest in the environment has triggered scholars’ attention and effort to study the determinants of environmental degradation. Yet, a gap in the literature remains unexplored, environmental impacts of trade market diversification/…
This paper presents the 2024 update of the Trade Vulnerability Index (TVI), developed by the Center for Development Studies (CED), as a tool for comparing the international integration of Latin American countries. Findings show that Mercosur remains…
The complex relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), political stability, and economic growth remains a critical area of study, particularly for developing economies like South Africa. This research investigates how FDI impacts economic…