This paper examines how a country’s integration into global value chains (GVCs) influences its economic growth. GVCs have transformed international trade by shifting the focus from final goods to fragmented production networks across countries.…
According to the World Trade Organization (WTO, 2021), international trade—including the production and transportation of manufactured goods—accounts for 20 to 30 percent of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study examines the relationship…