Labor rights and working conditions may be affected if international trade and investment agreements are concluded between contracting parties. Some assert that these agreements advance states’ labor conditions because boosting economic activities…
The Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (hereinafter “FCTC”) is the first treaty aiming to combat the tobacco epidemic under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO). This multilateral convention seeks to pursue the highest public…
Government subsidies have been used as a policy tool by many countries. Given the importance of government subsidies in the context of Chinese economy and state-owned enterprises (SOEs), this study seeks to understand the role played by government…
Rising geopolitical and geoeconomic tensions among major trade powers are undermining the rules-based multilateral trade order. China, the EU, and the US – the three WTO members with the largest global trade shares – play a critical role in keeping…
Concerns have been raised over the utilization of third-party funding in investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS). This paper aims to examine how the tribunals deal with the arguments raised by the respondents in the proceeding and evaluate whether…