Trade openness remains one of the key drivers of exchange rate fluctuations in both the long-run and short-run. The relationship between trade openness and exchange rate has long been explained in many theoretical and empirical studies. Nevertheless…
This article is an empirical attempt to explore the relationship between sanctions (financial and non-financial), oil price shocks and Iran-Russian bilateral trade flows over the period 1991–2014. In contrast to earlier studies in which a gravity…