There is broad consensus that job creation and productive employment are key to building a vibrant, inclusive economy. The digital era holds potential to expand employment opportunities, especially in Africa, where unemployment is high and economic…
This paper examines whether government spending and governance have a nonlinear relationship with economic growth. The study determines the threshold effect of the institutional quality on the relationship between public expenditure and economic…
This paper analyzes the nonlinear effect of trade openness on economic growth over a sample of developed and developing countries during the period 1980–2020. Using a Dynamic Panel Threshold Model advanced by Seo and Shin (2016), and Seo et al., (…
The increasing trend of the inclusion of gender equality and women’s economic empowerment concerns in the negotiation of trade agreements creates a need to strengthen informed dialogue between the public and private sectors. Trade negotiators are…
International arbitration institutions have been requested to administer an increasing number of investment disputes. In investment arbitration, a responding state usually stipulates its standing offers to arbitrate in the bilateral investment…
Regulatory measures on cross-border data flows are essential to personal data protection laws. The General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) of the European Union (“EU”) is one of such influential personal data protection regimes, which has become…
This article was published in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Procedural Law.
More information on this publication is available here.
For several years, the Zambian economy relied on the mining sector, which has been affected by fluctuations in commodity prices. The new century enhanced the calls for economic diversification, with the agricultural, manufacturing, and services…
Using country-level panel data, this study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment on the gross domestic product per capita in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa region over the 2000- 2015 period. The estimates are…
Although currently limited, services trade holds great potential for Bangladesh, as services already make a major contribution to GDP and employment. Services represent an important alternative (in the longer term) or complement (in the shorter term…