Trade in services and its positive relation with countries’ development has been a consideration in the design of public policies. In particular, since the return of democracy, it has been pointed out by Chilean authorities the intention to improve…
For many years, the European Union has been an important market for agricultural products from Africa. However, African agricultural exporters have often found the European market difficult to access because of a raft of NTMs that add to exporters’…
This chapter investigates the uneven effects of TBT/SPS measures on bilateral trade flows, according to a country’s income level. Estimating standard gravity models, we find that the effects of TBT/SPS depend mostly on the exporter’s development…
Developing countries (DCs) have high population growth and food demand. Food security still one of the main goals in these countries. Moreover, foreign direct investment (FDI) is at the heart of their investment policy. For DCs attract FDI is an…
The economies of southern Africa all face significant development challenges, not helped by the fact that many of these countries are ill-prepared for the demands of the rapidly advancing digital era. Given its heterogeneous membership and therefore…
Trade has been identified as an important factor contributing to poverty reduction in many countries. This study uses a panel Vector Autoregressive framework, both in the long run and the short run to analyse the relationship between trade…